Friday, December 30, 2016

Lessons on the Power of “Xar/Char”(Χαρ) in Response to “phthonos”( φθόνος) during Christmastide

Christmastide – the 12 days of Christmas, spanning from Christmas Day (December 25) to Epiphany Eve “Twelfth Night” (January 5), is meant to be an extended period of joyous celebration of the Nativity of Christ.  Many people associate the twelve days of Christmas with the song that starts with this phrase: “On the first day of Christmas my true love sent to me: a partridge in a pear tree…”. The title of this festive song is “The Twelve Days of Christmas”, indeed.  In fact, on the first day of Christmas, our true love, who is God (as God is love – 1 John 4:8, 16), sent to us: the greatest gift of all, His only begotten Son! And for far more than 12 days, our true love – God – has been sending to us countless gifts through the Son, Jesus Christ.  We are indeed so grateful to God the Father, the Creator and Sender for sending to us the greatest gift, the Son, the Savior and Redeemer, to bring us to the Father and shepherd us into His Kingdom, where he reigns as the King of the Universe, at His right hand.

Though we are filled with this Christmas joy and gratefulness for the greatest gift from our true love, the Father in heaven, the Christmastide also has two feast days of bloodsheds: the feast of St. Stephen, the first martyr (December 26) and the feast of the Holy Innocents, martyrs (December 28). These martyrdom feast days during the Christmastide are stark reminders that there are some bloody aspects that come with the joy and gratefulness of Christ the greatest gift to redeem and save us.  St. Stephen was the first saint, who willingly gave his life for Christ (Acts 6:8-10, 7:54-59). On the other hand, the Holy Innocents were the children under age 2, massacred by Herod the Great, in place of Jesus (Matthew 2:13-18). These children fell victim of Herod’s uncontrollable rage to kill Jesus, simply because he could not find exactly where Jesus was. But, why Herod had to kill Jesus, to begin with?

To understand Herod’s motive to kill Jesus, we need to know that it all started with the Magi’s visit to Herod, asking him, “Where is the newborn king of the Jews?” (Matthew 2:2). Imagine how Herod had felt, being asked, “Where is the newborn king of the Jews?”.  He was “the king of the Jews” under the Roman rule, as Herod’s Jewish kingdom (Judah) was a tributary state to the Roman Empire. Therefore, to Herod, it bothered him to hear something indicative of another king other than him for the Jews.  In response to the Magi’s inquiry about the newborn king of the Jews, Herod implicated his intent to hunt this newborn rival, saying, “Go and search diligently for the child. When you have found him, bring me word, that I too many go and do him homage”(Matthew 2:8). To this, the Magi, being wise, sensed Herod’s evil intention, did not return to him after paying homage to the newborn king, Jesus. However, this really enraged Herod (Matthew 2:16) and decided to kill all children under age 2 throughout Bethlehem and its vicinity in his fury of not being able to find exactly where his rival, the newborn king of the Jews, Jesus, was (Matthew 2:16).

Apparently, Herod felt threatened by the newborn king that the Magi mentioned. Clinically, given his lethal rage, Herod must have had an extremely poor impulse control, associated with his psychological insecurity (i.e. Gander & Buchheim, 2015)*. This psychopathological condition of Herod could have made him react overly impulsively to a perceived threat in outbursts of rage, suggesting that he had borderline personality disorder (i.e. Berenson et al. 2011)**.  He did not choose to take time and make efforts to find Jesus. Rather, he decided to kill anyone who was like Jesus: children under age 2 to eliminate a threat to him, compulsively. Biblically, Herod’s psychopathology to commit massacre of the children is “phthonos”( φθόνος), which is usually translated as “envy” or “grudge”. In fact, according to Matthew 27:18, “phthonos” is what prompted the chief priests to conspired the Roman authority to kill Jesus, later in his life, making himself a martyr.  When Jesus was a young child of 2 years old or under, God spared him from being massacred by Herod’s “phthonos” (Matthew 2:13-15). However, after about 30 years from that, “phthonos” of the chief priests killed him.

Perhaps, during Christmastide, we need to reflect on the pathology of “phthonos”, which sheds the bloods of the innocents: the children of the Bethlehem area and the Son of God, Jesus. It is “phthonos” that put a bloody stein in this festive Christmastide, remembered as the feast of the Holy Innocents. And, one, whose adventus (arrival) is celebrated and rejoiced over the season of Christmastide, was later killed by “phthonos” of those who find him as a great thereat.

While many people are responding to the adventus of Christ with joy and gratefulness, some are reacting with “phthonos”, as they are psychologically and spiritually insecure, like Herod the Great and the chief priests.  For us, who rejoice over the birth of Christ over 12 days, Christ is the greatest gift of all. However, for those who see him as their object of “phthonos”, Christ is a great threat of their existence.

Those who think of themselves as “the king”, then, the adventus of Christ the King can stir up internal insecurity.  Those who consider themselves “the messiah”, Jesus the Messiah is a threat. In other words, to narcissists, whose psychopathology revolves around insecurity, the Christmastide, the Twelve Days of Christmas, can be very disturbing.

To find the Christmastide as the 12-day-long extended period, filled with joy (chara (χαρά)) and gratefulness (eucharista (εὐχαριστία)), rather than “phthonos”( φθόνος), we must be humble, because humility enables us to find unshakable psychospiritual secure attachment with God (Dwiwardani et al. , 2014)***.  Humility and security to rejoice over the Christmastide, perhaps, we find Mary as our role model, especially in these words of hers: I am the handmaid of the Lord, May it be done to me according to your word (Luke 1:38). These words of Mary tell that she submitted her own will to the will of God, in order to overcome her initial anxiety over God’s will on her to bear His Son.  Then, Mary’s words in Luke 1:46-55, known as Magnificat, which in Latin means “my soul magnifies the Lord”, remind us that humility eventually leads to joy of the soul magnifying the Lord, through secure attachment to Him.  In the Magnificat psychospiritual state, Christ does not invoke fear that leads to “phthonos”. What enlarges is not ego but our soul’s joy of receiving God’s favor – grace (charis (χάρις)), as we respond to the adventus of Christ with Mary-like humility and secure attachment to God.  Note that  “χάρis the common root for both joy (chara (χαρά)) and grace (charis (χάρις)) and gratefulness (eucharista (εὐχαριστία)).

For us to maximize our Christmastide joy and gratefulness, by acknowledging the problem of “phthonos”, which spoils Christmas joy and kills the innocent, including Christ, we need to strengthen “χάρ”(char/xar) in our soul to magnify our joy (chara (χαρά)) and gratefulness (eucharista (εὐχαριστία)) over the greatest , grace (charis (χάρις)), who is Christ.
May our Christmastide be filled with “χάρ” and its derivatives:  joy (chara (χαρά)) and gratefulness (eucharista (εὐχαριστία)) for  the greatest , grace (charis (χάρις)) that our true love has sent to us!

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*Gander, M. & Buchheim, A. (2015). Attachment classification, psychophysiology and frontal EEG asymmetry across the lifespan: a review, Frontier in Human Neuroscience, 9 (79), doi:  10.3389/fnhum.2015.00079

**Berenson, K. R., Downey, G., Rafaeli, E., Coifman, K. G., & Leventhal Paquin, N. (2011, April 18). The Rejection–Rage Contingency in Borderline Personality Disorder., Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0023335


***Dwiwardani,D.,  Hill, P.C., Bollinger, R.A., Marks,  L. E.,  Steele, J.R.,  Doolin, H.N. , Wood, S.L.,  Hook, K. N., and Davis, D. E.  (2014). Virtues Develop From a Secure Base: Attachment and Resilience as Predictors of Humility, Gratitude, and Forgiveness, Journal of Psychology & Theology, 42 (1), 83-90

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