Thursday, March 25, 2021

The Annunciation – From Morita Therapy’s Psychological Perspective and Faith Psychology Perspective

The Lucan Gospel narrative of the Annunciation (Luke 1:26-38) is the elaboration of the Johannine statement of the Incarnation (John 1:1-5, 14). In other words, the Gabriel’s message to Mary on her virgin conception of Jesus through the Holy Spirit is how the Word-God became the human flesh of Jesus. But, this took place at the expense of some psychological disturbance to Mary. Nevertheless, the Lucan narrative of the Annunciation also describes how Mary overcame this psychological disturbance with her faith.

Upon reading the Gospel text for the solemn feast of the Annunciation (Luke 1:26-38), imagine what it would be like to be told that you are pregnant out of the blue even though you have never had a man laid on you – even though you are a virgin? Even though you were thinking to get married and have children with your husband, it was not that time yet. But, you were told that you had been made pregnant in a mysterious way by God’s will, with no regard whatsoever to your will. What would you make out of it? Because it was done against your will, in protest, would you consider abortion? Whose will would you value more: your will or God’s will? The Gospel Reading (Luke 1:26-38) invites us to reflect and ponder such questions upon ourselves.

According to Luke, Gabriel, a messenger (angel) of God, came to Mary, out of the blue, saying,” Hail, favored one! The Lord is with you”(Luke 1:28). And, Mary was “διεταράχθη/ dietarachthe)” – perturbed with a certain intensity (Luke 1:29). She was psychologically disturbed by the greetings of Gabriel and wondered what kind of greeting it might be.

Sensing that the state of Mary’s heart was disturbed, Gabriel said:

Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. Behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall name him Jesus. He will be great and will be called Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give him the throne of David his father, and he will rule over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end (Luke 1:30-33).

Obviously, Mary was not able to comprehend – her mind was unable to process the meaning of this message – though Gabriel said, “not to worry”.

She was repeatedly reminded of having a special favor of God (Luke 1:28, 30), alluding to the fact that she is full of grace for God made her the Immaculate Conception. But, Mary had no idea about this and wondered why – why she. And, she also wondered how she, a virgin, could conceive a child. Furthermore, she wondered what she has to do with the son, who is to be named Jesus, which means “God saves”, called Son of the Most High, being Davidic to rule over Israel, the house of Jacob, forever. Mary is a lowly peasant girl. So, she must have wondered what the Davidic son of the Most High, destine to rule Israel has something to do with her.

So, she could not help but say:

How can this be, since I have no relations with a man?(Luke 1:34).

To this, Gabriel gave her a two-fold answer:

It is possible because this is a work of the Holy Spirit by the power of God (v. 35).

It is because God makes it possible for a virgin to become pregnant as He makes it possible that a barren old age woman (Elizabeth) becomes pregnant (v. 36).

Conclusion:  There is nothing impossible for God as He wills (v. 37).

Gabriel already explained why God was making her pregnant:

It is because God made her full of grace – God’s favored one (v. 28, v. 30).

It is because God is fulfilling all of the salvific prophecies through the Messiah through the Son of God conceived in her womb (vv. 31-33).

So, Mary accepted God’s will on her, as explained by Gabriel, with her fiat:

Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord. May it be done to me according to your word (Luke 1:38).

Does it mean that Mary understood everything about her unplanned pregnancy as told by Gabriel?

Probably not.

Mary might not fully understand but accepted the she was made pregnant with a son of the Most High – Son of God – who is to grow great to rule Israel forever. It means that she accepted her surprise unplanned mysterious pregnancy for God had already planned for our salvation. Though Mary was not aware, what she accepted was God’s salvific plan mentioned way back when Adam and Eve were being evicted from Eden (Genesis 3:15) and that she  was the virgin prophesized when Judah was ruled by Ahaz, more than 700 years ago, as a great sign of God’s power (Isaiah 7:14).

Perhaps, it was just too much for a Nazarene peasant girl to understand at once. Nevertheless, Mary just accepted with her fiat (Luke 1:38) with a state of mind of what the Filipinos describe as “bahala na” or what the Japanese describe as “shikataga nai”, roughly, these mean “it cannot be helped” – it cannot be helped to understand according to human wisdom because it reflects God’s wisdom.

According to a clinical principle of Morita Therapy (Morita, 1998/1928), a psychotherapeutic method to treat anxiety-related psychosomatic disorders, the primary step toward overcoming anxiety and fear is to accept what can make us anxious and fearful as it is.  Therefore, Mary must have become less anxious by the time she accepted her pregnancy as it was told, compared to when she was troubled with Gabriel’s greeting, when she was not explained what it was about.

And, this is Mary’s faith that worked for her in response to her initial psychological disturbance, as in the clinical principle of Morita Therapy - acceptance. More precisely, it was her relationship with God, known as “vertical faith”, as operationally defined in the Faith Maturity Scale (FMS)(Benson and Erickson, 1993). It means that her vertical faith, reflecting her secure attachment with God, was mature enough to accept what God wills on her, regardless of her own will and her understanding. And, this kept her anxiety under control, as empirically verified in the 21st century (Salsman & Carlson, 2005).

Mary was able to keep anxiety and fear from interfering her commitment to God’s will on her through her faith, which enabled her to accept her virgin pregnancy as it was told by Gabriel. And this is a good example of Morita Therapy’s efficacious clinical principle from a perspective of faith in God.

During the course of her pregnancy with Jesus and raising him, witnessing his growth and following him during the nearly 3 years of his public ministry to be lifted up on the Cross, it was certain that Mary had to cope with bouts of anxiety. Nevertheless, because of her mature vertical faith, which enabled her to accept any distressing situation, without being so overwhelmed, as in the clinical principle of Morita Therapy, Mary was able to fulfill what she accepted with her fiat, allowing her Son, to consummate his salvific mission on earth.

Because of Mary, being able to put her psychological disturbance in control from the moment of the Annunciation on, due to her mature vertical faith, her Son was born and grew up strong and able to do his Father’s will, as reflected in the Second Reading for this solemnity (Hebrew 10:4-10) and sung in the Responsorial Psalm (40:7-8a, 8b-9, 10, 11).

Is your faith mature enough to accept what makes no sense to human wisdom, upon recognizing it as God’s will on you, as Mary accepted her surprise mysterious virgin pregnancy? Is your faith mature and strong like Mary’s faith? Or, is your faith still immature, as your ego demands disturbs God’s will being put on you?

References:

Benson, J., Donahue, M.J., Erickson, J.A. (1993). The faith maturity scale: Conceptualization, measurement and empirical validation. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 5: 1-26.

Morita, S. (1998).  Kondo (Trans.); LeVine (Ed.) (1928 translation] Morita therapy and the true nature of anxiety-based disorders: Shinkeishitsu. NY: State University of New York Press.

Salsman, J.M. & Carlson, C.R. (2005). Mature Faith, and Psychological Distress: Elements of Positive and Negative Associations  Charles R. Carlson. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 44(2), 201-209

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