Friday, February 23, 2024

St. Polycarp, Student of John, Teacher of Irenaeus, Bishop of Smyrna, Apologist, and Martyr

St. Polycarp of Smyrna is a man of steadfast faith. He was a student of St. John the Apostle. Polycarp heard first-hand accounts of the life and Paschal Mystery of Jesus from John, who lived and traveled with him, as he was a student of John. As John fought hard against gnostic heresies, such as Cerinthianism. Obviously, as John’s student, Polycarp became an astute and staunch apologist, fighting against heretics, especially Marcionism. On this matter, Polycarp’s student, St. Irenaeus wrote:

But Polycarp also was not only instructed by apostles, and conversed with many who had seen Christ, but was also, by apostles in Asia, appointed bishop of the Church in Smyrna, whom I also saw in my early youth, for he tarried [on earth] a very long time, and, when a very old man, gloriously and most nobly suffering martyrdom, departed this life, having always taught the things which he had learned from the apostles, and which the Church has handed down, and which alone are true. To these things all the Asiatic Churches testify, as do also those men who have succeeded Polycarp down to the present time — a man who was of much greater weight, and a more steadfast witness of truth, than Valentinus, and Marcion, and the rest of the heretics. He it was who, coming to Rome in the time of Anicetus caused many to turn away from the aforesaid heretics to the Church of God, proclaiming that he had received this one and sole truth from the apostles — that, namely, which is handed down by the Church. There are also those who heard from him that John, the disciple of the Lord, going to bathe at Ephesus, and perceiving Cerinthus within, rushed out of the bath-house without bathing, exclaiming, Let us fly, lest even the bath-house fall down, because Cerinthus, the enemy of the truth, is within. And Polycarp himself replied to Marcion, who met him on one occasion, and said, Do you know me? I do know you, the first-born of Satan. Such was the horror which the apostles and their disciples had against holding even verbal communication with any corrupters of the truth; as Paul also says, A man that is an heretic, after the first and second admonition, reject; knowing that he that is such is subverted, and sins, being condemned of himself. Titus 3:10 There is also a very powerful Epistle of Polycarp written to the Philippians, from which those who choose to do so, and are anxious about their salvation, can learn the character of his faith, and the preaching of the truth. Then, again, the Church in Ephesus, founded by Paul, and having John remaining among them permanently until the times of Trajan, is a true witness of the tradition of the apostles.    Against Heresies, III-3-4

According to St. Jerome, John ordained Polycarp as the first bishop of the church in Smyrna. And it was when the Roman Empire was aggressively persecuting Christians and destroying churches throughout the Empire. The nascent church of Smyrna, where Polycarp served as bishop, was no exception, in facing the persecution. In the First Reading (Revelation 2:8-11), we see how Jesus encouraged the church of Smyrna, not to let devil has his way but endure the test of suffering in keeping the faith.

As John recorded in his Gospel, from which the First Reading (John 15:18-21) is drawn, those who follow Jesus are rather expected to face persecution. Reiterating what he had said about dealing with challenges, Jesus said:

Remember the word I spoke to you, “No slave is greater than his master.” If they persecuted me, they will also persecute you. If they kept my word, they will also keep yours. And they will do all these things to you on account of my name, because they do not know the one who sent me (John 15:20-21; cf. John 13:16; Matthew 10:22; 24:9; cf. John 8:19).

Through the above words, Jesus makes it clear that those who had persecuted and killed him could do the same thing to us, because we are “guilty by association with Jesus” in their eyes.

So what can we learn from St. Polycarp?

The Roman authorities were hunting down Polycarp, bishop of the church of Smyrna, as they were coming to crack down this church. Though he could have escaped, he chose to be captured and face whatever the Roman persecutors would demand on behalf of their emperor. Polycarp was firmly resolved to respond in the mighty name of Jesus, the Christ.

As his execution drew imminent, a local proconsul demanded Polycarp swear to revile Christ so that he would let him go. To this Polycarp said:

For eighty and six years I have been his servant, and he has done me no wrong. And how can I now blaspheme my king who saved me?

Then the proconsul threatened Polycarp with a gruesome consequence of refusing to denounce Christ. He first suggested that Polycarp would be eaten by wild beasts. To his, Polycarp replied:

Call for them, for we will not be moved from good to evil.

So proconsul proceeded to threat Polycarp to be consumed by fire.

But Polycarp remained resolved to keep his faith in Christ, even though it means to be burned alive in fire. So he said:

You threaten me with fire which burns for an hour at most; you must not know about the fire of the coming judgment and of eternal punishment, reserved for the ungodly. Why are you wasting time? Kill me in whatever way you see fit.

Just before fire was lit to burn him alive, St. Polycarp prayed in these words:

O Lord God Almighty, the Father of Your beloved and blessed Son Jesus Christ, by whom we have received the knowledge of You, the God of angels and powers, and of every creature, and of the whole race of the righteous who live before you, I give thanks that You have counted me, worthy of this day and this hour, that I should have a part in the number of Thy martyrs, in the cup of thy Christ, to the resurrection of eternal life, both of soul and body, through the incorruption imparted by the Holy Ghost. Among whom may I be accepted this day before You as a fat and acceptable sacrifice, just as You, the ever-truthful God, hast fore-ordained, by reveling it beforehand to me, and now fulfilling. Because of this I also praise You for all things, I bless You, I glorify Thee, along with the everlasting and heavenly Jesus Christ, Your beloved Son, with whom, to You, and the Holy Ghost, be glory both now and to all coming ages. Amen.

Imagine yourself, as a faithful member of the church of Smyrna, seeing your beloved bishop, St. Polycarp, facing his persecution into death, with such an unshakable resolve to keep his faith in Christ. Would you be ready to become the next martyr or succumb to fear? You would see how mature and strong your faith is.

As the memorial feast of St. Polycarp, bishop and martyr, comes during Lent, perhaps, you can see how your Lenten commitment of prayer, fasting, and almsgiving, are leading you to become more like St. Polycarp.

No comments:

Post a Comment