Thursday, August 4, 2022

St. Jean-Marie Vianney: the “Cure d'Ars” for the Greater Pastoral Needs of the Post-Revolution Secularization France

August 4 is the Memorial Feast of St. Jean-Marie Vianney.

St. Jean-Marie Vianney (1786 -1859) is known as the “Cure d'Ars”, which means the “pastor of Ars”.  

During the time of Jean Vianney in the 19th century, the laïcité (secularism) was aggressively sweeping France upon the French Revolution of 1789. In this social context, the Catholic Church was persecuted by the newly formed secular civil government as an enemy of people (λεώς /leos) from which the word, laïcité, is derived. Because of this, many priests of the Church were killed and deported. Some apostatized. So the Church was in crisis, and people of the Church were like the “sheep without a shepherd”(Matthew 9:35). And it was the reality that God sent Jean Vianney as a “cure” to the village of Ars, France.

Given the above-described social and historical context, the situation in which Jean Vianney served as the “Cure d'Ars” was like the situation of villages and towns where Jesus kept himself busy in peaching in their synagogues, proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom, and curing every disease and illness (Matthew 9:35).  As Jesus was moved with compassion (ἐσπλαγχνίσθη/ esplanchnisthe) for Galileans who were like sheep without a shepherd (Matthew 9:36), so was Jean Vianney, the “Cure d'Ars” for people in the village of Ars and beyond.  Because there was a severe shortage of priests but pastoral needs were high, Jean Vianney worked tirelessly with extraordinary love which manifested also in his patience (i.e. 1 Corinthians 13:1), and endurance (i.e. 1 Corinthians 13:7). 

As in the case of Jesus, Jean Vianney was deeply moved with compassion and acted out of love for those in need, as Jesus was, he established an orphanage, La Providence, in 1824, and taught catechism for the orphans. He also is known to have spent 12 hours a day hearing confession of his people, caring for their souls. And those who sought him out for confession and pastoral counseling mounted up to as many as 20,000 a year. How many priest today do you know to serve in such an astonishing pastoral capacity as Jean Vianney did?

Another character of Jean Vianney is that he set himself apart from the Church’s hierarchy. So he turned down when he was called for an ecclesiastical promotion in order to stay closer to his “sheep” so that they would never be like “sheep without a sheep” again. And this aspect of him is reflected in Ezekiel, who was called to serve as a sentinel (watchman) for the House of Israel during a difficult time of the Babylonian Exile, as both priest and prophet for the Israelites, as reflected in the First Reading (Ezekiel 3:17-21). Unlike Temple priests in Jerusalem, Ezekiel’s role as a priest and a prophet for the House of Israel was mainly in exile in Babylon. The original Temple was completely destroyed by Babylonians during the Siege of Jerusalem in 587 BC. Many priests were killed. Because of this, Israelites who survived the Babylonian attack of Jerusalem and were put in exile in Babylon were like “sheep without a shepherd”. So, God sent Ezekiel for them.

Out of his compassion, Jesus figuratively said on the greater pastoral needs of Galileans who were like sheep without a shepherd, “The harvest is abundant but the laborers are few; so ask the master of the harvest to send out laborers for his harvest” (Matthew 9:37-38). And this was what Ezekiel faced as the “cure” for the House of Israel in exile and what St. Jean-Marie Vianney responded to in Ars, France, during the post-revolution period of aggressive secularization in order to watch out and care for the souls of the faithful. 

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