Tuesday, May 30, 2023

Buddhism's Teaching of Nekkhamma Echoed in Jesus' Teaching (Monday and Tuesday of Eighth Week in Ordinary Time)

Teaching of Jesus in the Gospel Readings of Monday and Tuesday of Eighth Week in Ordinary Time (Mark 10:17-27, 28-31) seem to echo Buddhist teaching of dana and nekkhama, as well as, metta.

Dana in Sanskrit means giving, and in the context of Buddhism, it means generous charitable giving for charity (metta), echoed by Paul’s words to the Corinthians:

Consider this: whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows bountifully will also reap bountifully. Each must do as already determined, without sadness or compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver.  2 Corinthians 9:6-7

For us to practice what Buddhists call dana and what Paul calls “cheerful giving”, we must first commit ourselves to the Buddhist virtue of nekkhama, which is detachment from carnal and material inclination to ourselves. According to these Gospel Readings of the first two days of Eighth Week in Ordinary Time, Mark 10:17-27, 28-31, the virtue of nekkhama and dana are not exclusive to Buddhism but found in Jesus’ teaching, as well.

In Mark 10:17-27, Jesus responded to a man, who ran up to him and knelt and asked him, “Good teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?”(Mark 10:17). And Jesus reminded him of the importance of observing the commandments in the Torah (Mark 10:18-19). Then, the man said, “Teacher, all of these I have observed from my youth”(Mark 10:20). So Jesus said:

You are lacking in one thing. Go, sell what you have, and give to the poor and you will have treasure in heaven; then come, follow me (Mark 10:21).

In response to these words of Jesus, this man, who seemed proud to have been observing all the commandments in the Torah, looked said and went away because he had so many possessions (Mark 10:22).

Then Jesus said to his disciples:

How hard it is for those who have wealth to enter the kingdom of God!

Children, how hard it is to enter the kingdom of God! It is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for one who is rich to enter the kingdom of God (Mark 10:24-25).

The disciples seemed to have found this teaching rather difficult. So they said to Jesus, “Then, who can be saved?”(Mark 10:26).

In reply, Jesus said:

For human beings it is impossible, but not for God. All things are possible for God (Mark 10:27).

So, here is a very important lesson from Jesus for our salvation, which is to enter the Kingdom of God through a narrow entry, like the eye of a needle: Detach yourself from your inclination to carnal and material clinging (nekkhama) so that you can give your material possessions for the poor in charity (dana for metta) , and you will be fit to enter the Kingdom through the eye of a needle.

It is impossible for human beings to save themselves. Following our desires to amass material wealth and fulfilling our carnal desires will not save us. Such pursuits only give a false sense of security. It is Christ the Son, who is incarnated in Jesus, set by the Father, filled with the Holy Spirit, who can save – if we believe and follow him practicing dana for metta as a result of nekkhamma.

And Peter began to say, “We have given up everything and followed you” (Mark 10:28). Indeed, he and other disciples practiced nekkhamma when Jesus called them to follow him (Mark 1:16-20).

Jesus replied:

Amen, I say to you, there is no one who has given up house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or lands for my sake and for the sake of the Gospel who will not receive a hundred times more now in this present age: houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, with persecutions, and eternal life in the age to come. But many that are first will be last, and the last will be first (Mark 10:29-31).

With the above words, Jesus explained benefits of nekkhamma for those who practice this virtue of renunciation, saying that God will reward manifoldly what we have given up to follow Christ and to benefit the poor. And the virtue of nekkhamma is not just about carnal and material things, which we tend to become attached, but our pride (mana). So, those who are meek (mardava) and humble (vinati) shall have the first place in the Kingdom.

Jesus teaches that superficial observance of the commandments does not suffice to enter the Kingdom with eternal life. A man who ran up to Jesus but left because he could not practice nekkhamma as Jesus commanded (Mark 10:17-22) is a good example for this. Practicing the virtue of nekkhamma means to overcome both tanha (carnal desire for material satisfaction) and mana (pride). Buddha taught that this is how we can be free from endless cycle of suffering (samsara). But Jesus taught that this is to receive eternal life and to enter the Kingdom through the small entry, comparable to the eye of a needle.

 Before our conversions, we may have amassed material wealth, pursuing our tanha and we used to be so proud of what we have amassed. And it is a major obstacle to our salvation – to enter the Kingdom. But, upon conversion, we attain nekkhamma and become able to follow Jesus and prevent material things from accumulating for ourselves by practicing dana for metta, knowing God’s rewards and exaltation are incomparably better.

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