Tuesday, August 6, 2024

The Transfiguration of the Lord – Christological Revelation of Jesus in a Trinitarian Theophany

August 6 is the feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord. It is a Trinitarian theophany, through which Jesus’ Christological (Messianic) nature was revealed. As reflected in The First Reading (Daniel 7:9-10, 13-14) and the Responsorial Psalm (Psalm 97:1-2, 5-6, 9), the Transformation affirms that Jesus is the everlasting King, whose kingship (Revelation 17:14; 19:16), as well as, the judgeship (John 5:22-23; 9:39), is endorsed by the Father. And his throne is of fire, as in Daniel’s vision (Daniel 7:9).

What proceeded the Transfiguration of the Lord is Peter’s identification of Jesus as the Messiah, the Son of the living God (Matthew 16:16//Mark 8:29//Luke 9:20), followed by Jesus first foretelling of his passion, death, and resurrection (Matthew 16:21//Mark 8:31//Luke 9:22), to which Peter protested (Matthew 16:22-23//Mark 8:32-33). The fact that Peter tried to stop Jesus from going to Jerusalem to suffer and die indicates that he and the rest of the disciples did not understand that Christ, the Son of the living God, was to suffer and die, before being raised from the dead to fulfill the fourth servant song prophecy (Isaiah 52:13-53:12).

The disciples knew that Jesus is the Christ (Messiah). But they still did not know what Christ was. Therefore, Jesus’ Christological nature had to be revealed, at least to his core disciples, Peter, James, and John, first. So, he took these three with him to a high mountain and let them witness who Jesus really is as Christ in his Trinitarian theophany (Matthew 17:1-9 (Year A)//Mark 9:2-10 (Year B)//Luke 9:28-36 (Year C)).

On the mountain, as Jesus began prayed (Luke 9:29a), his face changed in appearance, shining like the sun (Matthew 17:2) and his clothing became dazzling white (Mark 9:3). Then, Jesus in his transfiguration was conversing with Moses and Elijah (Matthew 17:3//Mark 9:4//Luke 9:30). This is to reveal that Jesus is the fulfillment of both the Law and the prophets (Matthew 5:17), as Moses represents the Law, and Elijah epitomizes the prophets. And they were speaking of the  exodus that Jesus was going to accomplish in Jerusalem (Luke 9:31).

What is this exodus that Jesus was to accomplish in Jerusalem?

Exodus (ἔξοδος)(Luke 9:31), in Greek, means “departure”. So Jesus’ departure from Jerusalem is referred to his ascension, which took place on Mount Olive in the Jerusalem area (Acts 1:6-12; cf. Luke 9:51), and from Jerusalem, the one holy catholic Apostolic Church was born on Pentecost, through which Jesus shepherds the faithful to his Kingdom (Acts 1:8-2:47). Basically, this “exodus” that Jesus in his glory of the Transfiguration was speaking with Moses and Elijah (Luke 9:31) is the exodus to the Apostolic age, which Luke described in the Acts of the Apostles.


But, for Jesus to make his exodus to heaven by way of ascension and for the Church to make the exodus to the Apostolic age upon Pentecost, Jesus had to suffer and die and be raised. And this was what Jesus had foretold in the disciples Caesarea Philippi (Banias) – of his passion, death, and resurrection (Matthew 16:21//Mark 8:31//Luke 9:22).

The glorious light of the Transfiguration was terrifyingly overwhelming (Luke 9:32), and Peter proposed to set up tents for Jesus, for Moses, and for Elijah,  respectively, though he really did not know what he was saying because he was so awe-stricken (Mark 9:5-6//Luke 9:32-33; cf. Matthew 17:4).

Then, a bright cloud cast a shadow over the disciples, and from the cloud, the Father in heaven spoke, while Jesus was still in his glorious light of the transfiguration, with Moses and Elijah:

This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased; listen to him (Matthew 17:5//Mark 9:7//Luke 9:34-35).

At that moment, Jesus in his glorious transfiguration, with his face shining like the sun, and his cloth dazzlingly white, was with the Holy Spirit, as indicated with the bright cloud (i.e. Exodus 13:21), and the Father, whose presence was made evident with his audible voice. Therefore, Jesus in his transfiguration, was his Christological and trinitarian theophany, made available to Peter, James, and John. This is to reveal not only that Jesus, as the Christ, was to suffer, die, and to be raised, but to make his exit (departure) from the earth to heaven, to his throne, which is reflected in the First Reading (Daniel 7:9-10, 13-14) and to start the new exodus to his Kingdom through the Apostolic Church. In the Second Reading (2 Peter 1:16-19), Peter testifies that the Transfiguration of the Lord is not a myth as he himself witnessed this majestic theophany on the mountain and heard the voice of the Father that Jesus is His beloved Son and that we are to listen to him. So, he calls us to be attentive to Jesus so that we vigilantly remain (i.e. Luke 21:36; 1 Peter 5:8-12) to be light of the world (Matthew 5:14) until his turn as the King and the judge (i.e. Revelation 19:5-20:15; cf. Daniel 7:10-14; cf. Isaiah 33:21-22; cf. Revelation 4:2-5).

What is our lesson here on the feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord?

It is, first, to understand that who Jesus really is, as the Christ, the everlasting King, and the Judge, whose dominion is secure, and whose heavenly throne is of divine fire. And we are to listen to our Lord Jesus Christ, as the Father has commanded, through the Holy Spirit, in the bright cloud. So that, as Peter says, we also give witness to Christ, as light of the word, until his return at the end of time. The overwhelming glorious light of the transfiguration is, after all, Christ the light, which makes the sun unnecessary in his Kingdom (Revelation 21:23).


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